• James Phinney Baxter III, president of Williams College;

• Carl Blegen, professor of history, University of Cincinnati, and a leading authority on American immigration and ethnic history;

• Crane Brinton, professor of history, Harvard University, perhaps the leading historian of ideas on the European front;

• Dr. Frederick Burkhardt, director of the American Council of Learned Societies;

• John Christopher, professor of history, University of Rochester, who with Brinton and Robert Lee Wolff wrote an extremely influential (and extremely successful) textbook, History of Civilization, immediately after the war, a text which became one of two that dominated the market for the immediate postwar generation of undergraduate students. Brinton, Christopher and Wolff, as the text was known, reflected the synoptic view the authors developed while in the OSS, and it would not be totally revised until 1983;

• Dr. Ray Cline, who wrote a first-rate volume in the official history of World War II and then returned to the intelligence profession. He became the CIA's deputy director for intelligence from 1962 to 1966;

• John Clive, professor of history, Harvard University, a major figure in nineteenth-century British studies;

• Gordon Craig, professor of history, Princeton and later Stanford universities, author of the leading books on the role of the military in German history;

• John Curtiss, professor of history, Duke University, an authority on France;

• Harold C. Deutsch, professor of history, University of Minnesota, also an important figure in the development of modern German history in the United States;

• Donald M. Dozer, professor of history, University of California, Santa Barbara, a Latin Americanist;

• Dr. Allan Evans, a medievalist from Yale who remained with the Department of State after R&A was transferred to State at the end of the war;

• John K. Fairbank, professor of Chinese history at Harvard University, the leading sinologist of his generation;

• Franklin L. Ford, professor of history, Harvard University, and the dean of Harvard College during the student disorders of the late 1960s;

• Felix Gilbert, historian at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, an elegant diplomatist;

• S. Everett Gleason, who worked with William Langer in the OSS and after, and returned to become the State Department's historian;

• Moses Hadas, professor of classics, Columbia University, who wrote on the expansion of the Roman Empire;

• Samuel W. Halperin, professor of history, University of Chicago, and after the war editor of the Journal of Modern History;

• Henry B. Hill, professor of history, University of Kansas, who developed British history there and later at Wisconsin;

• Hajo Holborn, Sterling Professor of History, Yale University, who worked on occupation policy for Germany at the end of the war and wrote on the history of military occupation, becoming a dominant figure in the training of postwar Germanists;

• H. Stuart Hughes, professor of history, Harvard University, who moved on from where Crane Brinton had left off in European intellectual (and especially Italian) history, and unsuccessfully ran for the House of Representatives in Massachusetts;

• Sherman Kent, who left Yale to preside over ONE, the Office of National Estimates, at the CIA;

• Clinton Knox, who also left the historical profession, becoming ambassador to Guinea;

• Leonard Krieger, who returned from the OSS to become a professor at Yale and then of German intellectual history at the University of Chicago;

• William L. Langer, the outstanding European diplomatic historian of his generation;

• Val Lorwin, professor of history, University of Oregon, and the nation's leading authority on the Low Countries;

• Herbert Marcuse, who moved from history to philosophy at Brandeis and the University of California, and from the contemplative life to that of guru to the student revolt during the war in Vietnam;

• Henry Cord Meyer, professor of history, Pomona College, another leading Germanist who left Yale for the West Coast;

• Saul K. Padover, professor at the New School for Social Research, authority on Jefferson and democratic thought, and a pioneer lecturer on American history at a wide range of universities overseas;

• Michael B. Petrovich, professor of history, University of Wisconsin, who developed Russian studies there;

• David H. Pinckney, professor of history, first at the University of Missouri and then the University of Washington, a major force in French history and, like Brinton, Craig, Fairbank, Holborn, Langer, and Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., a president of the American Historical Association, perhaps the highest honor the discipline can bestow on one of its own;

• David M. Potter, professor of history, Yale University (and later at Stanford), who with Ralph Gabriel and Norman Holmes Pearson firmly established American studies at Yale;

• Conyers Read, professor of history, University of Pennsylvania, an authority on Elizabethan England and the prime mover behind the Council on Foreign Relations in Philadelphia;

• Henry L. Roberts, professor of history, Columbia University, who followed Geroid Robinson, also of R&A, in developing a front-rank Russian studies program at that institution;

• Elspeth D. Rostow, University of Texas, who with her husband, Walt Whitman Rostow, worked out major interpretations on American foreign policy;

• John E. Sawyer, economic historian who left Yale to become president of Williams College and then of the Mellon Foundation;

• Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., professor of history, Harvard University, polymath, adviser to and historian for the Kennedys before his translation to a Schweitzer chair at the City University of New York;

• Bernadotte E. Schmitt, who after the war lived in retirement, lauded as the leading revisionist historian of the causes of World War I;

• Carl E. Schorske, professor of history at Wesleyan and then Princeton University, an authority on European intellectual history;

• Raymond Sontag, professor of history, University of California at Berkeley, the first of the old OSS team to publicly remind the student generation of the 1960s of his service and of why academics had felt it appropriate to engage in intelligence work, which he had continued to do as a consultant to ONE;

• L. S. Stavrianos, professor of history, Northwestern University, who carried the idea of global history further than any other scholar, in a series of notable texts;

• Richard P. Stebbins, a man Sherman Kent felt could turn out more work of high quality than anyone else in his shop, who became director of the Council on Foreign Relations;

• Paul R. Sweet, who also remained with the State Department, in charge of its official histories and archives;

• Alexander Vucinich, professor of history, San Jose State University, a leading authority on Eastern Europe;

• Wayne S. Vucinich, professor of history, Stanford University, who covered the same waterfront;

• Paul L. Ward, who became the executive director of the American Historical Association;

• Albert Weinberg, technically a political scientist, although the author of a fine historical analysis of American imperial expansion, who remained in government work after the war;

• Robert Lee Wolff, professor of history, Harvard University, that institution's outstanding authority on Eastern Europe;

• John H. Wuorinen, professor of history, Columbia University, who covered Scandinavia and in particular Finland;

• T. Cuyler Young, professor of archaeology, Princeton University, who with Richard Frye at Harvard, who also was in the OSS, pioneered Iranian studies in the United States.

_________________

From the Cloak & Gown flyleaf: "Robin W. Winks is Master of Berkeley College and the Randolph W. Townsend, Jr., Professor of History at Yale University. A former member of the diplomatic service, author and editor of sixteen books, and an expert on spy and thriller fiction, he lives in New Haven."

Website editor's note: Winks' professional bias accounts for the fawning tone of his descriptions of colleagues' careers above, proving once again that history is closer to interpretive art than it is to social science. Nevertheless the above list, which appears as a single end note in his book, is useful in highlighting the interlocks between academia, the intelligence community, and, it would seem, the Council on Foreign Relations (Winks was a member of CFR in the 1980s). On page 446 of this same book, Winks writes that it "seems fairly clear" that "the CIA played no significant role in the overthrow of President Salvador Allende in Chile in 1973."  Yech!  If you disagree, then stay away from Yale.