Turner, Stansfield. Secrecy and Democracy: The CIA in Transition.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985. 305 pages.
"A native of Highland Park, Illinois, Stansfield Turner entered
Amherst College in 1941 and was graduated from the United States Naval
Academy in 1946. As a Rhodes Scholar he received a Master's Degree in
philosophy, politics, and economics from Oxford University in 1950. Admiral
Turner has commanded a mine sweeper, a destroyer, a guided-missile cruiser,
a carrier task group, and a fleet; and he has served as President of the
Naval War College. His last naval assignment was as Commander in Chief of
NATO's Southern Flank. In 1977 President Jimmy Carter selected him to be
the Director of Central Intelligence, where he served until January 1981.
Stansfield Turner is currently a lecturer, writer, and TV commentator, and
serves on the Board of Directors of several American corporations."
[About the Author, page 305]
Turner is best known for attempting to de-emphasize the role of covert
action in favor of high-tech intelligence collection and objective analysis.
He passed out over 850 pink slips to covert operators, and this was after
James Schlesinger had canned more than two thousand spooks in 1973. When
William Casey took over in 1981, some of the old guard were reactivated.
Currently the emphasis seems once again to be on collection, but this time
collection by humans (HUMINT) rather than by high-tech.
ISBN 0-395-35573-7
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