Burrows,W. Deep Black. 1988
Burrows, William E. Deep Black: Space Espionage and National Security.
New York: Berkley Books, 1988. 406 pages.
William Burrows, who has written about space and aviation for more than
two decades, is a professor of journalism and director of the Science and
Environmental Reporting Program at New York University. The subject matter
of this book, particularly where it concerns the capabilities of modern spy
satellites, is classified as Sensitive Compartmented Information -- which is
higher than Top Secret. But by using open literature, scholarly papers, and
interviewing scientists working on similar technology in the private sector,
Burrows has put together an informative and readable history of aerial and
space reconnaissance.
Modern espionage uses TECHINT (technical intelligence) along with
HUMINT (human intelligence). The latter depends on human penetration agents
and, with much luck and assuming no counter-penetration, is able to discern
the status and intentions of the enemy. TECHINT consists of SIGINT (signals
and communications interception) and PHOTINT (imaging intelligence). It is
more reliable than HUMINT but can also be expensive. Lyndon Johnson claimed
in 1967 that the entire space program could be justified ten times over
simply for its contribution to space photography: "Because tonight we know
how many missiles the enemy has and, it turned out, our guesses were way
off. We were building things we didn't need to build."
ISBN 0-425-10879-1
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