Pisani,S. The CIA and the Marshall Plan. 1991
Pisani, Sallie. The CIA and the Marshall Plan. Lawrence KS: University
Press of Kansas, 1991. 188 pages.
In 1983, Sallie Pisani was a graduate student in history at Rutgers
University. She approached Richard Bissell at the Bach Festival that year
and asked him a question. This led to extensive interviews with Bissell,
and through him with John Bross, Lawrence Houston, Kermit Roosevelt, and
Franklin Lindsay. Pisani turned it into a doctoral dissertation, and by
1991 was assistant professor of history at Monmouth College in New Jersey.
The covert-action arm of the early post-war U.S. intelligence
establishment was called the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC), which
was later absorbed into the CIA. The program of U.S. aid to Europe following
the war was broadly called the Marshall Plan, one aspect of which was the
appropriation under the Economic Cooperation Administration. ECA included
secret funding for OPC activities in Europe. This book is a behind-the-
scenes look at policymaking during the early Cold War years. Ex-OSS elites,
such as those interviewed by Pisani, played an active role in making sure
that U.S. aid came with political strings attached, often in the form of
secretly-funded propaganda fronts that pushed the correct line. We beat the
Communists at their own game. But victory came at a price: covert action in
peacetime is now institutionalized, and it won't go away.
ISBN 0-7006-0502-9
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