Wallace,M. The American Axis. 2003
Wallace, Max. The American Axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the
Rise of the Third Reich. New York: St.Martin's Press, 2003. 465 pages.
Holocaust researcher Max Wallace takes on American anti-Semitism and
the 1930s isolationist movement in this dual biography of Henry Ford and
Charles Lindbergh, and concludes that these two "actively chose to impair
the Allied war effort, jeopardizing the survival of democratic Europe."
The most valuable contribution of this book is its treatment of the role
Ford Motor Company played in Germany in the 1930s. In this sense, it follows
a line of inquiry that began with "IBM and the Holocaust" (2001) by Edwin
Black. The history of Ford Motor Company and IBM in Nazi Germany remains
instructive for today's debate over globalization issues.
It is less useful to look at Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh as
individuals. Ford was anti-Semitic, mostly during the 1920s and early 1930s,
while Lindbergh was isolationist and mildly pro-Nazi until the U.S. declared
war on Germany. Isolationism was not extremist -- a Gallup poll conducted
on April 26, 1941 found that only 19 percent of Americans supported U.S.
entry into the war against Germany and Italy. Until Pearl Harbor, even
Roosevelt had never advocated direct intervention in Europe. Lindbergh may
have been naive in retrospect, but all he ever did was some public speaking.
It seems a bit unfair to lump him in with Henry Ford, whose factories in
Germany were churning out troop carriers for the Nazis as late as 1941.
ISBN 0-312-29022-5
- ADKINS ELIZABETH (376-7)
- ALBERT HEINRICH (224-7, 229-34, 327, 332, 337-8)
- ALDERMAN GARLAND (279)
- ALLEN DEE (351)
- AMERICA FIRST COMMITTEE (249-51, 258, 273, 278-82, 296-7, 301-2)
- AMERICAN EUGENICS SOCIETY (96-7, 366-7)
- AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE (14)
- ANTONA ANNETTA (1-2)
- ARMSTRONG GEORGE W (28)
- ARNOLD HENRY HAP (GEN) (197, 204, 208, 303-4, 311)
- ASTOR JOHN JACOB (160)
- ASTOR NANCY (LADY) (160-2, 170-1)
- ASTOR WALDORF (LORD) (170-1)
- AUER ERHARD (45-6, 65)
- AUHAGEN FRIEDRICH (253, 295-6)
- BALDWIN NEIL (15, 33, 126)
- BALDWIN STANLEY (PM) (178-9)
- BEATY JOHN O (110)
- BEAVERBROOK MAX (LORD) (222)
- BENDERSKY JOSEPH W (105)
- BENES EDUARD (154-5, 164-5)
- BENNETT HARRY (136-7, 144, 147-8, 278, 306-7, 313-8, 359)
- BENSON ALLAN (26-7)
- BERG SCOTT (A.SCOTT) (93, 176-7, 293, 305, 370, 372-5)
- BERLE ADOLF A JR (295)
- BIRKHEAD LEON (279, 282)
- BISSELL J T (306)
- BLACK EDWIN (AUTHOR) (351)
- BLACK FRED (HENRY FORD ASSOCIATE) (17, 23, 27)
- BOHN FRANK (285)
- BONNET GEORGES (165-6)
- BOOKSTAVER DAVID (348)
- BORAH WILLIAM E (R-ID) (62, 162)
- BORNHEIM OSCAR (339)
- BOSCH CARL (227, 232)
- BRANDT KARL (99)
- BRASOL BORIS (13-4, 58-65, 131-2, 138)
- BRECKINRIDGE HENRY (118)
- BREWSTER KINGMAN (249)
- BRIGHAM BARBARA (307)
- BRIGHAM CONSTANCE (307)
- BRIGHAM ETHEL (307)
- BRISBANE ARTHUR (NY EVENING JOURNAL) (31)
- BRUNDAGE AVERY (111-2, 251)
- BUCH WERNER (337)
- BUGAS JOHN S (289, 306-7, 315-7)
- BULLITT WILLIAM CHRISTIAN (161, 164)
- BUSH PRESCOTT SHELDON (349-50)
- CAMERON WILLIAM J (11, 26-7, 30, 125-8, 138-9, 145)
- CAMPSALL FRANK (317-8)
- CANTOR EDDIE (146)
- CARREL ALEXIS (93-5, 97-102, 158-9, 193, 244-5, 367-8)
- CASTLE WILLIAM R (203)
- CHAMBERLAIN HOUSTON STEWART (109-10, 362)
- CHAMBERLAIN NEVILLE (154, 166, 172, 214)
- CHURCHILL MARLBOROUGH (GEN) (59, 61)
- CLEMM WERNER C (279)
- COCKBURN CLAUD (160-1, 182)
- COHEN ALFRED (130)
- COHN NORMAN (57)
- COLDWELL MICHAEL (224)
- COLE FELIX (344)
- COLE WAYNE (273-4, 371-2)
- CORDELL HAROLD (58)
- COUGHLIN CHARLES E (140-4, 148, 200, 243, 282)
- COURTNEY VIRT (D-TN) (259)
- COUZENS JAMES (23)
- CROCKETT ALICE (269-70)
- CROWLEY LEO T (348)
- DALADIER EDOUARD (166)
- DANIELS C.C. (62)
- DANIELS JOSEPHUS (178)
- DAVIS DWIGHT (WAR SECRETARY) (246)
- DAVIS KENNETH (AUTHOR) (77)
- DAVIS WILLIAM RHODES (257)
- DAVISON HENRY POMEROY (HARRY) (118)
- DAWSON GEOFFREY (161, 169)
- DE BOGORY NATHALIE (60)
- DEBEVOISE THOMAS M (245)
- DEGLER CARL (99)
- DENNIS LAWRENCE (252-4, 294)
- DEROUNIAN ARTHUR (280-1, 294)
- DIESTEL ERICH (230)
- DINNERSTEIN LEONARD (13)
- DIRKSEN EVERETT M (R-IL) (296)
- DODD WILLIAM E (108, 219)
- DOLLFUSS MAURICE (234-7, 345-8)
- DONNELLY GERRY (376)
- DOWLER LAWRENCE (334, 337)
- DRUZHELOVSKI LEONID (65)
- DU PONT FAMILY (311)
- DUFF SHEILA GRANT (179)
- DYKEMA JOHN (219)
- EARLY STEPHEN T (246, 278, 292)
- EBBUTT NORMAN (161)
- ECKART DIETRICH (46-9, 56)
- EDISON JEAN FARREL (22)
- EDISON THOMAS ALVA (INVENTOR) (21-2)
- EGGLESTON GEORGE T (255-7)
- EINSTEIN ALBERT (206)
- ELIZALDE MANUEL (365-6)
- FARAGO LADISLAS (264-5)
- FARBEN I.G. COMPANY (227, 232, 331)
- FELMY HELMUTH (174)
- FENDRICK RAYMOND (46-7)
- FERDINAND LOUIS (PRINCE) (66-8)
- FINGS KAROLA (335-6)
- FISCHER LOUIS (176)
- FISH HAMILTON SR (259)
- FLYNN JOHN T (CONSERVATIVE AUTHOR) (282, 293, 296, 382)
- FORD CLARA (28, 50)
- FORD EDSEL (124, 136, 221-2, 227, 229, 232, 237, 313, 331, 338, 344-8, 377)
- FORD HENRY II (359-60)
- FORD HENRY SR
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- FORSTER ARNOLD (290-1)
- FOX WILLIAM (FOX PICTURES) (35)
- FRANK HANS (39)
- FRANKLIN LEO (17, 128-9, 147-9)
- FREDETTE RAYMOND (180-1, 374)
- FREEMAN WILFRID (169)
- FRICK WILHELM (98-9)
- FRIED ALBERT (213)
- FRIEDRICH EITEL (66)
- FRITSCH THEODOR (128-30)
- FROMM BELLA (115-6)
- FUERSTNER WOLFGANG (116)
- GEISEL THEODOR (260)
- GELDERMAN CAROL (28)
- GEMLICH ADOLF (54)
- GENERAL ANILINE FILM (227, 270, 331)
- GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION (350-1)
- GOARD WILLIAM PASCOE (126)
- GODDARD ROBERT (364)
- GOEBBELS JOSEPH (57)
- GOERING HERMANN (39, 111, 175, 183-6)
- GOLDHAGEN DANIEL JONAH (63)
- GOMON JOSEPHINE (359)
- GOODWIN DORS KEARNS (224)
- GRACE WILLIAM (JUDGE) (273)
- GRAHAM ALAN (160)
- GRANDE HANS (339-40)
- GRANT MADISON (97)
- GUGGENHEIM HARRY F (117, 381)
- GUTSTADT RICHARD (358)
- HAAG WERNER (133)
- HAASE HORACE (302)
- HAILER FRITZ (68, 145-6, 149)
- HALDER FRANZ (176)
- HANFSTAENGL ERNST FRANZ (PUTZI) (67, 107)
- HAPGOOD NORMAN (64)
- HARRIMAN FIFTEEN CORPORATION (349)
- HART MERWIN K (251-2)
- HART-DAVIS DUFF (116)
- HAUPTMANN BRUNO RICHARD (92-3, 115)
- HAYES CARLTON J.H. (59-60)
- HEINE EDMUND G (FORD) (130, 316)
- HENDERSON NEVILE (180)
- HENLEIN KONRAD (155)
- HERTOG SUSAN (115, 118-9, 372)
- HESS RUDOLF (48, 133)
- HEUPEL RUDOLPH (138)
- HEYDRICH REINHARD (207-8)
- HICKS WILLIAM W (COL) (60)
- HILL FRANK (AUTHOR) (23, 49, 343)
- HIRSCHMANN I.A. (258)
- HITLER ADOLF
- HOBSON HENRY (BISHOP) (280)
- HOCHE ALFRED (97)
- HOOVER HERBERT SR (206-8, 284)
- HOUGHTON ALANSON B (106)
- HOUGHTON HARRIS (60, 62)
- HOYT TOM (334, 341, 377)
- HUTCHESON WILLIAM (296)
- IACOCCA LEE A (339)
- ICKES HAROLD L (B.1874) (142, 223, 249, 274, 284-6, 304)
- INGALLS LAURA (282)
- INSTITUTE HISTORICAL REVIEW (22)
- INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES (351)
- ISAACS NATHAN (65, 131-2)
- IWANOWA ELSA (333-4, 343, 352)
- JACKSON ROBERT H (SUPREME COURT) (39-40)
- JACOBSEN LARS (65-6)
- JEANSONNE GLENN (314)
- JESCHONNEK HANS (174-5)
- JODL ALFRED (175)
- JOLY MAURICE (15-6)
- JONES ELLIS (NAZI BUND) (280)
- JONES THOMAS (BRITISH CABINET) (178)
- JUNG HARRY A (256)
- KAPP KARL (145)
- KEITEL WILHELM (175)
- KELLOGG MICHAEL (HISTORIAN) (56, 63)
- KENNEDY JOSEPH PATRICK (161-2, 167-9, 177, 179)
- KILGALLEN DOROTHY (101-2)
- KNUDSEN WILLIAM S (220-2, 224)
- KOOS JOHN (137-8)
- KRAUCH CARL (232, 328, 331-2)
- KROCK ARTHUR (176-7, 380)
- KRUT JOSHUA (142-3)
- KUHN FRITZ (133-4, 138-9, 143-4)
- LA CHAMBRE GUY (164-5)
- LA FOLLETTE ROBERT M SR (28)
- LA GUARDIA FIORELLO (261)
- LAUGHLIN HARRY HAMILTON (96)
- LAWLER JOHN (TREASURY DEPT) (344)
- LEE ALBERT (HISTORIAN) (54-5)
- LEE JOSH (257)
- LEMON ERNEST (169)
- LESTO GEORGES (237, 345)
- LEVIN NORA (57)
- LEWIS FULTON JR (203-4)
- LIEBOLD ERNEST GUSTAV (22-8, 51, 57-8, 61-9, 123-5, 128-32, 138, 140-6, 149, 271, 313-9)
- LINDBERGH ANNE MORROW (89-90, 103-4, 117-8, 247-9, 293-4, 369, 372-3)
- LINDBERGH CHARLES A JR
- LINDBERGH CHARLES A SR (R-MN) (77-84)
- LINDBERGH REEVE (377-8, 382-3)
- LIPPMANN WALTER (210)
- LLOYD GEORGE DAVID (PM) (171)
- LOFTUS JOHN J (349-50)
- LONGWORTH ALICE ROOSEVELT (251)
- LOVETT ROBERT ABERCROMBIE (304-5)
- LUDECKE KURT (49-52, 64, 125-6)
- LUDENDORFF ERICH (64)
- MACARTHUR DOUGLAS (GEN) (315)
- MACDONNELL FRANCIS (135)
- MAHONEY JEREMIAH (AAAU) (112)
- MALININ THEODORE (100)
- MANCHESTER WILLIAM (187)
- MARCOS FERDINAND (PRES) (365)
- MARSHALL GEORGE C (GEN) (201-2, 244, 254)
- MARSHALL LOUIS (14-5, 31, 62, 124-5)
- MARSHALL VERNE (257)
- MARTIN HOMER (141)
- MAYR KARL (53-4)
- MCADOO WILLIAM GIBBS (225)
- MCCABE WARNER (246)
- MCCLOUD J L (130-1)
- MCWILLIAMS JOE (282, 294)
- MEISSNER OTTO (68)
- MILCH ERHARD (194)
- MILES SHERMAN (GEN) (271)
- MILLER JAMES M (30)
- MILTON JOYCE (254)
- MORAN JAMES P (D-VA) (387)
- MORGENTHAU HENRY M JR (215, 221, 233, 344-5, 347)
- MORROW DWIGHT WHITNEY (89-90)
- MOSELEY GEORGE VAN HORN (243-4, 280, 310)
- MOSLEY LEONARD (178, 371)
- MOSLEY OSWALD (170)
- MURRAY WILLIAMSON (INTELLIGENCE ANALYST) (181)
- NATIONAL ECONOMIC COUNCIL (252)
- NEUBORNE BURT (341)
- NEVINS ALLAN (23)
- NEWMAN HARRY (147)
- NICOLSON HAROLD (103-4, 162-3, 210-1)
- NILUS SERGE (13)
- NORRIS KATHLEEN (281)
- NYE GERALD P (R-ND) (202)
- ODONNELL PATRICK H (28-9)
- OSBORN FREDERICK HENRY (367)
- PALMER CASIMIR (NEW YORK PRIVATE DETECTIVE) (65, 131-2, 138)
- PAUL RANDOLPH (344-5)
- PEARSON DREW (332)
- PELLEY WILLIAM DUDLEY (279-80, 310)
- PERLMAN NATHAN (31)
- PETAIN HENRI-PHILIPPE (367)
- PIPP EDWIN (11, 24, 27, 34-5, 61)
- PITTMAN KEY (209-10)
- PLANNED PARENTHOOD (96)
- PLANTIFF GASTON (34-5)
- POLIAKOV LEON (15)
- POOL JAMES (52, 63-4)
- POSEKEL ERNST (229)
- POUSSAINT ALVIN F (83)
- RADOT VALERY (368)
- RATHOM JOHN (25)
- REICH SIMON (228, 334, 337-41, 348)
- RIBUFFO LEO (23)
- RICKENBACKER EDDIE (251)
- RIDDLEBERGER JAMES W (184)
- RIECKHOFF HEINZ J (179)
- RIEFENSTAHL LENI (135-6)
- RIMAR RALPH (137-8, 141-2)
- RINTAMAKI JOHN (334-7, 341-2, 344)
- ROBB ARTHUR (292)
- ROCKAWAY ROBERT (22)
- ROOSEVELT ELEANOR (210, 347)
- ROSENBAUM RON (57, 376)
- ROSENBERG ALFRED (48, 57, 64)
- ROSENWALD LESSING (251, 258)
- RUTHERFORD MARVIN (306)
- RYAN JOHN F (GEN) (210)
- SANGER MARGARET (95-6)
- SAPIRO AARON (29-30, 33, 125)
- SAUCKEL FRITZ (325-6)
- SAUTER FRITZ (41-2)
- SCHARTON A R (25-6)
- SCHINDLER OSKAR (330)
- SCHLESINGER ARTHUR MEIER JR (275)
- SCHMIDT ROBERT (FORD-WERKE) (230-1, 234, 238, 328-32, 336-7, 360-1)
- SCHORR DAVID (245)
- SCHUBERT JOSEPH (58)
- SCHURIG ALWIN (226)
- SCHWARZKOPF H NORMAN (BRIG GEN) (91)
- SCHWIMMER ROSIKA (18-20, 24, 26)
- SELF HENRY (221)
- SHAW GEORGE BERNARD (161)
- SHERWOOD ROBERT EMMET (251)
- SHIRER WILLIAM L (161, 176)
- SHOAH FOUNDATION (375)
- SHRIVER SARGENT JR (249)
- SINCLAIR UPTON (35, 67)
- SLESSOR JOHN (SIR) (169, 180)
- SLOMOVITZ PHILLIP (143)
- SMITH GERALD L.K. (144, 252, 314-5)
- SMITH TRUMAN (104-16, 155-9, 184-6, 196-201, 208, 245-6, 254, 264-5, 285, 362-3)
- SMITH WILLIAM ALDEN (27)
- SMYTHE EDWARD JAMES (149)
- SNOW ROBERT T (CAPT) (60)
- SORENSEN CHARLES (222-4, 226-7, 229, 232, 311, 346)
- SPANKNOBEL HEINZ (133)
- SPEER ALBERT (193, 329)
- SPELLICH JOHN (333)
- SPIELBERG STEVEN ALLEN (374-5)
- SPOERER MARK (330, 336)
- STEELE RICHARD W (242)
- STEHLIN PAUL (195)
- STEINBERG IDA (68-9)
- STEPHENSON WILLIAM SAMUEL (283)
- STEWART DOUGLAS MACCOLLUM (255-7)
- STIMSON HENRY LEWIS (241-2, 304)
- STRAUSS ROGER (USNCCJ) (114)
- STREICHER JULIUS (39, 112, 200)
- STUART DOUGLAS (249-51, 258)
- SWARD KEITH (148-9, 313)
- SYKES CHRISTOPHER HUGH (161)
- SZILARD LEO (206)
- TALLBERG V Y (338-9)
- TAYLOR TELFORD (164-5, 177-8)
- THOMPSON DOROTHY (210, 283)
- THOMSEN HANS (256, 262-3, 297)
- THYSSEN FRITZ (348-9)
- TINKHAM GEORGE H (R-MA) (208)
- TRIPPE JUAN TERRY (305)
- TRUE JAMES (200)
- UDET ERNST (194)
- UNION BANKING CORPORATION (348-50)
- UNITED AUTO WORKERS (136-7, 139-41)
- UNTERMEYER SAMUEL (44, 127, 138)
- VALENTIN HUGO (13)
- VAN SCRIVER ESTHER (272)
- VAUGHAN GUY (305)
- VELLA JIM (352)
- VIERECK GEORGE SYLVESTER (279)
- VITGER ERHARD (230, 339)
- VLADIMIROVICH CYRIL (63-4)
- VON BLOMBERG ALEX (115)
- VON BOETTICHER FRIEDRICH (262-4)
- VON BRAUN WERNHER (364)
- VON DIRKSEN HERBERT (167-8)
- VON GIENANTH BARON (282)
- VON PAPEN FRANZ JOSEPH (131-2, 225)
- VON RIBBENTROP JOACHIM (233)
- VON SCHIRACH BALDUR (40-2)
- VON SCHUSCHNIGG KURT (153)
- VON STREMPEL HERBERT (256)
- VONNEGUT KURT (275)
- WAGNER SIEGFRIED (50)
- WAGNER WINIFRED (50, 52)
- WALKER GEORGE HERBERT SR (BERT) (349)
- WALLACE DEWITT (211)
- WALLGREN MONRAD (313)
- WARBURG PAUL MORITZ (79)
- WARNER JACK L (200)
- WARREN DONALD I (141, 143)
- WATSON EDWIN M (GEN) (246, 307)
- WATSON THOMAS J SR (351-2)
- WEBSTER EDWIN S JR (279-80, 301-2)
- WECTER DIXON (385)
- WEISS MELVYN I (343)
- WEST JAMES (BOY SCOUTS AMERICA) (76)
- WESTRICK GERHARD ALOIS (233-4)
- WHEELER BURTON K (280-1)
- WHEELER-BENNETT JOHN WHEELER (275-6)
- WHITE WILLIAM ALLEN (212-3, 260)
- WHITNEY LEON (96-7)
- WIEDEMANN FRITZ (269-70)
- WIERSCHEIM JOSEF (337)
- WILKINS MIRA (49, 343)
- WILSON HUGH R (182, 184-5, 201)
- WINCHELL WALTER (176, 179, 245-6, 283)
- WOOD JOHN E (178)
- WOOD ROBERT E (GEN) (249-50, 252, 273, 278)
- WOODRING HARRY HINES (204)
- WUEST JACOB (108)
- ZOERLEIN EMIL (146)
name search
home page